Liberalism and secularism are considered to be cornerstones of Western civilization, though many feel that their overemphasis has led away from traditional values and ethics into exceptionalism, intolerance and aggression. How have these factors influenced Western political thought, and can history’s lessons help us avoid major confrontation in such a turbulent geopolitical environment? Oksana is joined by Hanne Nabintu Herland, author and historian of religions, to reflect on these issues.